July 1-3, 1863 | Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

The Battle That Changed the Course of the Civil War

The Battle of Gettysburg was fought over three days in July 1863 and became one of the defining battles of the American Civil War. Union and Confederate armies clashed across the fields, ridges, roads, farms, and hills surrounding Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

Today, Gettysburg remains one of the most visited and studied battlefields in the United States. This site helps visitors, students, teachers, families, and history readers understand what happened here, why it mattered, and how to explore the battlefield with context.

Image Source: Currier and Ives

Why Gettysburg Matters

Gettysburg matters because it was a major military, political, and human turning point in the Civil War. The battle ended General Robert E. Lee’s second invasion of the North and came at a moment when the future of the Union remained deeply uncertain.

The fighting left enormous casualties on both sides and transformed the town of Gettysburg into a landscape of memory, mourning, and national meaning. Months later, President Abraham Lincoln came to Gettysburg for the dedication of the Soldiers’ National Cemetery and delivered the Gettysburg Address, one of the most important speeches in American history.

Dates

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Location

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Commanders

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Result

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Significance

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Aftermath

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Explore the Battlefield

The Gettysburg battlefield is not a single monument or one viewpoint. It is a landscape of connected places: Seminary Ridge, McPherson Ridge, Culp’s Hill, Cemetery Hill, Little Round Top, Devil’s Den, the Wheatfield, the Peach Orchard, Cemetery Ridge, and the ground remembered for Pickett’s Charge.

Each place tells part of the story. Together, they show how terrain, leadership, timing, courage, confusion, and loss shaped the outcome of the battle.

Gettysburg at a Glance

Dates: July 1–3, 1863
Location: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

Portrait of Union General George G. Meade

Source: Library of Congress / Wikimedia

Union Commander:
Major General George G. Meade (Army of the Potomac)

Portrait of Confederate General Robert E. Lee

Source: Library of Congress / Wikimedia

Confederate Commander:
General Robert E. Lee (Army of Northern Virginia)

Result:

Union victory; Confederate forces repulsed and retreated to Virginia

Significance:

Ended Lee’s second invasion of the North; major turning point of the Civil War

Aftermath:

Creation of Soldiers’ National Cemetery; Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address delivered November 19, 1863

Little Round Top

Devil’s Den

The Wheatfield

Peach Orchard

Cemetery Ridge

Seminary Ridge

Culp’s Hill

The Angle / High Water Mark

Soldiers’ National Cemetery

First-Time Visitor Guide

For first-time visitors, Gettysburg can feel overwhelming. The battlefield covers a large historic landscape, and the story unfolds across many locations. A good first visit should combine orientation, a battlefield route, time at major landmarks, and space for reflection.

Begin with the broad story. Learn the sequence of the battle, then visit the ground where the major actions took place. The more context you have before you arrive, the more meaningful the landscape becomes.

New to Gettysburg?

Start with the one-day visitor route and battlefield overview.

Interactive Map Preview

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Battlefield Layers

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Landmark Pins

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Walking/Driving Tour Routes

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Parking

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Visitor Center References

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Monument Clusters

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Plan Your Visit

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Driving Tour

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Walking Route

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National Military Park

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Visitor Center

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Where To Stay

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Gettysburg Address

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People and Stories

Abraham Lincoln, 1863 portrait

Abraham Lincoln

Major General George G. Meade, Union Commander at Gettysburg

George G. Meade

Abraham Lincoln, 1863 portrait – matte collodion print O-77

Abraham Lincoln

General Robert E. Lee, Confederate Commander at Gettysburg

Robert E. Lee

Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, defender of Little Round Top

Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain

Brigadier General John Buford, Union Cavalry Commander

John Buford

Major General Winfield Scott Hancock, Union Second Corps commander

Winfield Scott Hancock

General James Longstreet, Confederate senior commander at Gettysburg

James Longstreet

Major General George E. Pickett, Confederate division commander

George Pickett

Civilians of Gettysburg – field hospital, July 1863

Civilians

Evergreen Cemetery, Gettysburg – Elizabeth Thorn's charge

Elizabeth Thorn

Jennie Wade, the only Gettysburg civilian killed during the battle

Jennie Wade

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