Image source: Unknown photographer
Overview: John Buford commanded the Union cavalry division whose delaying action west of Gettysburg on the morning of July 1 shaped where and how the battle would be fought.
Before Gettysburg: A career cavalry officer, Buford had commanded mounted troops through the war’s eastern campaigns and was known for aggressive reconnaissance and sound tactical judgment.
Role at Gettysburg: Arriving in the area ahead of the main Union infantry, Buford recognized the value of the ridges west of town and positioned his troopers to slow the Confederate advance, buying critical time for Union infantry to arrive and occupy the high ground south of Gettysburg.
After Gettysburg: Buford continued in cavalry command but died of typhoid fever in December 1863, only months after the battle.
Why This Story Matters: Buford’s decision to fight for time rather than simply retreat is often credited with giving the Union army the opportunity to secure the defensive position that held for the rest of the battle.